Icon of Jonathan Daniels at the Episcopal Divinity School in Boston
I know how much you enjoy my jokes. Let’s dial back the clock to the 1960’s for a joke that isn’t nearly as funny as it is sobering. A nervous northerner headed into the deep south to participate in the Civil Rights Movement prays earnestly to God for safety. After a long pause, a deep but shaky voice from heaven replies, “I will go with you to protect you, but only as far south as Memphis.”
Former U.S. Secretary of State
Condoleezza Rice was born in Birmingham, Alabama in 1954. The city then was a stronghold of the Ku Klux
Klan and a community where racism was deeply imbedded in every aspect of
life. In her book, Extraordinary,
Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family, Rice recalled it was “a very
scary place,” and she described how her father had to sit on the front porch of
their home at night with a loaded gun in his lap to keep his family safe. “What I can remember most from this time,”
Rice said, “is the sound of bombs going off in neighborhoods, including our
own.”
In 1965, The Rev. Martin Luther King
urged clergy and concerned citizens from all over our country to join him for a
voting rights march from Selma to Montgomery.
The Rt. Rev. C.C.J. Carpenter, the Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of
Alabama at the time, explicitly told the clergy of our church to stay away, not
because it was too dangerous, but because he felt their presence would stir up
trouble. “This ‘march,’” he said, “is a
foolish business and sad waste of time [reflecting] a childish instinct to
parade at great cost to our state.” Carpenter’s directive was no
small matter because visiting clergy could not visit a diocese without the
bishop’s permission.
On the eve of his
installation as Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church in January, 1965, The
Rt. Rev. John Hines stated emphatically that the church “must create an atmosphere in which personal freedom can
prevail.” It is the church’s
responsibility, he said, to make a “forthright stand” against the injustices of
social discrimination. He advocated that
the church should “endorse civil disobedience in situations in which a man’s
conscience tells him that the right thing to do is to disobey civil laws.” Bishop
Hines’ leadership empowered many to “ignore the Carpenter of Alabama in order
to obey the carpenter of Nazareth.” He
was one of some 500 Episcopalians to go to Selma March of 1965.
One of the 500 was Jonathan Myrick
Daniels, a seminarian at the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Cambridge,
Massachusetts. Just four years earlier,
the Keene, New Hampshire native was the valedictorian of his graduating class
at the Virginia Military Institute.
He wrote about his experience
travelling to Alabama, citing the hatred he felt directed toward him once
people saw the northern license plates on his car. Even though Daniels was wearing a
seminarian’s collar, one man turned to another and shouted, “Know what he
is?” “No” the friend shouted back. “Why he’s a white niggah.” Sitting at a counter at an all-night truck
stop, Daniels could feel icy stares coming from all directions. At that time, establishments such as this one
had been ordered by federal law to serve all people, regardless of race. Daniels noticed a sign behind the counter:
“ALL CASH RECEIVED FROM SALES TO NIGGERS WILL BE SENT DIRECTLY TO THE UNITED
KLANS OF AMERICA.” Moments later the
server spilled Daniels’ coffee as it was being poured.
As you know, the manner in which the
authorities responded to the march in Selma was brutal and violent. News broadcasts of vicious police dogs, fire
hoses, and tear gas rocked our nation. I
don’t know what Jonathan experienced at that time, but unlike many clergy, he
decided to return to Alabama that summer to assist in a voter-registration
project in Lowndes County. Daniels
explained his decision:
“Something had
happened to me in Selma, which meant I had to come back. I could not stand by in benevolent dispassion
any longer without compromising everything I know and love and value. The imperative was too clear, the stakes too
high, my own identity was called too nakedly into question... I had been blinded by what I saw here (and
elsewhere), and the road to Damascus led, for me, back here.”
For Daniels, it was something much
deeper and more spiritual than a basic moral obligation. He wrote:
“I began to know
in my bones and sinews that I had been truly baptized into the Lord’s death and
resurrection... with them, the black men and white men, with all life, in him
whose Name is above all names that the races and nations shout... we are
indelibly and unspeakably one.”
Jonathan Daniels - Summer of 1965
Listen
to a story Daniels told about an experience he had that summer living with an
African-American family:
Bunnie sat astride on my knee. She is four, the youngest of eleven…
children. She smiled, yet there was a
hesitancy in her eyes. Her daddy smiled
down at her and asked, “Do you love Jon?”
Quietly but firmly, Bunnie said, “No.”
We had lived with Bunnie’s family only a few days, and I was sure I knew
what she meant. A part of me seemed to
die inside, and I fought back tears. But
there was nothing I could say, nothing I could do. Wisely, her daddy, who was already a dear
friend, did not pursue the matter… When, a few days later, Bunnie pulled me
down to her, cupped my face with her tiny hands, and kissed me, I knew
something important (and incredibly beautiful) had happened.
Not
everyone warmed up to Daniels being in Alabama, including the parishioners of
the local Episcopal Church. He describes
being interviewed by a local judge in his finally appointed office. Daniels knew that man well because he also
served as the head usher at the church and had refused to allow him to take
communion. He told Jonathan that he and
a fellow seminarian were welcome at the church, “but the nigger trash you bring
with you will never be accepted in [the parish].” Daniels bristled at the thought of these
wonderful people, and especially their children, being referred to as
“trash”. “Our Episcopal Church is a
white church,” the judge continued. He
asserted that Daniels should not be living with an African-American family
“since God made white men and black men separate and if He’d wanted them
comingled He’d have made them all alike.”
At the conclusion of the conversation the judge declared, “I am not
guilty of anything. Only guilty men have
trouble sleeping at night. I don’t have
any trouble sleeping.”
On August 14, 1965
Daniels was part of a demonstration and was arrested along with other
protesters. They were taken in a garbage
truck to small, poorly equipped jail in Hayneville, Alabama where they endured
six days in a cramped jail that lacked air conditioning and adequate sanitary
facilities. Daniels led the group in hymn singing and
prayers to keep up spirits.
They were released on August 20 in what
appears now to be a set up. While a
member of the group used a phone booth just outside the jail to make calls to
arrange for transportation, Jonathan, a Roman Catholic priest, and two African-American
civil rights workers approached a nearby grocery store to purchase some cold
drinks. A volunteer deputy sheriff
holding a shotgun stood at the door and refused to allow entry. He pointed the gun at Ruby Sales, a
seventeen-year-old African-American, and began to fire. Daniels pushed her out of the way and was
killed instantly. Subsequent blasts
wounded the priest. The deputy went on
to brag to his friends “I just shot two preachers”. Later that fall he was acquitted of charges by
an all-white jury.
While
Daniels’ murder was not widely reported at the time, the matter came before
President Lyndon Johnston when an aide sought to help the Daniels family get
their son’s body back to New Hampshire in time for the funeral. Even after death, civil rights workers were
despised by the communities in which their were slain. Martin Luther King often said “one of the
most heroic Christian deeds of which I have heard in my entire ministry was
performed by Jonathan Daniels.”
The Rev. Jim
Newsom, also a VMI graduate, served as St. Paul’s rector during those
tumultuous years. Throughout his
ministry here he was a strong advocate for civil rights and labored in our
community to build bridges across the racial divide. A Virginian
Pilot newspaper article dated February 9, 1967 carried the headline “White
Church Invites Negroes.” St. Paul’s was
hosting a community service for the World Day of Prayer and Jim is quoted as
saying, “In accordance with the purpose of the World Day of Prayer, there will
be no barriers of race, denomination or culture, when church people around the
world come together for prayer.” This
was no small step in our community. The
article mentions by name several prominent white downtown churches that planned
their own alternative service rather than pray with people of color.
In the November,
1967 Vestry minutes, it is recorded that Rev. Newsom announced a community
Thanksgiving Service was going to be held at East End Baptist Church. The minutes report “A general discussion
followed”, but provides no details of the substance. Sarah Newsom remembers St. Paul’s hosted a
Thanksgiving Service here where so many people attended “they were packed to
the rafters.” Knowing that the memory of
an old rector’s wife can be faulty, I searched through the ancient parish
registries to see what I could find. I
learned that in attendance at a service on Thanksgiving in 1968 were the
following ministers:
Donald Dunlap – West End Baptist
A. Elliott – St.
Mark’s Episcopal
D.W. Lamb – Metropolitan Baptist
C.L. Landrum – Suffolk Presbyterian
Jim Newsom – St. Paul’s Episcopal
C.J. Word (who was the preacher for the
service) – East End Baptist
And what about the
attendance? According to the registry,
380 people were in the congregation – score one for the “faulty memory” of the
rector’s wife.
Rev. Newsom, Rev. Dunlap, and Rev. Word
These are just a few
of the examples of Jim’s leadership around civil rights issues in our
community. It is hard to gauge the
lasting impact of his work, but when I returned from twelve days at General
Convention earlier this summer, I had waiting for me a flurry of e-mails from a
bi-racial committee planning a community prayer service after the Charleston
church shooting. This group thought it
to be important that the “minister of St. Paul’s participate and have a place
on the program.” I attribute this to a
deep and abiding memory of our parish’s stance under Jim’s leadership.
The 1991 General
Convention of the Episcopal Church recognized Jonathan Daniels to be a saint
and martyr of our church, setting aside August 14th of each year to
commemorate his acts and witness. Along
with Martin Luther King, he is the only other American enshrined at Canterbury
Cathedral’s chapel of contemporary martyrs.
VMI has established a Jonathan Daniels Humanitarian Award to honor his
memory. Recipients include former
president Jimmy Carter and Representative John Lewis, who was on the Selma
Bridge in 1965.
VMI organizes regular
pilgrimages to Hayneville and 300 people participated in 2013. Upon reading about today’s service in the Suffolk News-Herald, Robert Stephens
posted this comment:
THANK
YOU for sharing this announcement with the local Suffolk community. My son (Fletcher--VMI Cadet) and I will be
traveling to Montgomery, AL this weekend to participate in the Jonathan
Daniels’ Pilgrimage, where the VMIAA is also hosting a reception in his
honor. This unsung Hero deserves much
recognition for being a catalyst and change agent who died for Blacks’ basic and
fundamental right to vote... hence, the Voting Rights Act of 1965!
Ruby Sales was so traumatized by the
experience that she could not speak for seven months after the murder. Eventually she graduated from the same
seminary Daniels attended. She dedicated
her life to be a human rights advocate and founded
The SpiritHouse Project, a non-profit organization and inner-city mission
dedicated to person who saved her life on a blazing hot August day in Alabama.
So here we are, fifty years after
Daniels’ courageous act. It is an
appropriate time to reflect on what has changed over the years and what still
remains to be done. I charge each of you
with the task of doing this work in the coming weeks and months. Let me say concisely that the challenge back
then was to recognize, affirm, and value the basic humanity of every
person. Today’s challenge, it seems to
me, is to recognize, affirm, and value the experience of every person. It is hard to hear about racial discrimination
in our day because the inescapable message from it is that we still have a
long, long way to go if we are going to be the country which our founders
envisioned – a people equal under the law endowed with rights to life, liberty,
and the pursuit of happiness. My sense
is that Suffolk’s clergy and faith communities are hungry to build more bridges
across the racial divide and to strengthen our bonds of affection for one
another. The time is right for us to
act.
I think what I will take away most from
this commemoration is something Jonathan said in his valedictorian address to
the VMI graduating class of 1961. There
are four arches that lead to the barracks on VMI’s campus. One of the four honors Daniels. Inscribed on the arch are these words from
his address:
“I wish you the decency and nobility of which
you are capable.”
This is an incredible charge for the
outstanding young men and women who train at the fine facility! And it is a great challenge and vision for
each one of us as we seek to be faithful disciples of our Lord and Savior Jesus
Christ, who loved all without partiality or preference.
“I wish you the
decency and nobility of which you are capable.”
I knew of Jonathan’s heroism, but I come
away from this day impressed by his decency and nobility. He sought first, foremost, and always to meet
hatred, brokenness, and injustice with Christ-like love and compassion. That his first instinct in the face of mortal
danger was to protect another by placing himself at risk was laudable, but
probably something many other VMI grads – along with some of the rest of us –
might have done. It was his commitment
to return to the south and the manner in which he carried himself while there
that accounts for why we remember him today.
May the life and witness of Jonathan
Daniels continue to speak to us and to inspire generations to come until our
society perfectly reflects the values of the Kingdom of God.
